How should frostbite be treated in the field?

How should frostbite be treated in the field?

• A. Rub the frostbitten area vigorously
• B. Apply icy cold water
• C. Protect from further cold, do not rub, and rewarm gradually if safe; cover with sterile dressings
• D. Massage the frostbitten area

Answer: (C)

Frostbite damages skin and deeper tissues from freezing, so the priority is to stop further cold injury and thaw the tissue safely. In the field, protect the affected area from more cold and moisture, remove any wet clothing, and keep it dry and warm. Do not rub or massage the frostbitten part—friction and pressure can break delicate frozen tissue and cause more damage. Rewarm only if you can do it without risking refreezing, using clean water at a mild warmth (roughly 40°C / 104°F) and soaking the area until color returns and sensation comes back, which usually takes 15–30 minutes. After warming, cover the area with sterile, nonstick dressings to protect it and prevent infection. Avoid applying direct heat, ice, or massage, and don’t thaw if there’s a real risk you’ll be exposed to cold again. Seek medical care for deep frostbite, significant numbness or blistering, or if symptoms persist after rewarming, or if the person has other signs of serious cold exposure.

Frostbite damages skin and deeper tissues from freezing, so the priority is to stop further cold injury and thaw the tissue safely. In the field, protect the affected area from more cold and moisture, remove any wet clothing, and keep it dry and warm. Do not rub or massage the frostbitten part—friction and pressure can break delicate frozen tissue and cause more damage. Rewarm only if you can do it without risking refreezing, using clean water at a mild warmth (roughly 40°C / 104°F) and soaking the area until color returns and sensation comes back, which usually takes 15–30 minutes. After warming, cover the area with sterile, nonstick dressings to protect it and prevent infection. Avoid applying direct heat, ice, or massage, and don’t thaw if there’s a real risk you’ll be exposed to cold again. Seek medical care for deep frostbite, significant numbness or blistering, or if symptoms persist after rewarming, or if the person has other signs of serious cold exposure.